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2010年11月14日
ノーベル平和賞受賞者世界サミットが閉幕
横浜でAPECが閉幕したこの日、広島市で11月12日から14日の日程で開催されていた第11回「ノーベル平和賞受賞者世界サミット」が閉幕しました。
ノーベル平和賞受賞者世界サミットはノーベル平和賞の受賞者たちが一堂に集い、平和、人権擁護、非暴力について議論を行うものです。
1999年ゴルバチョフ財団の提案により開催され、2007年までの8回はローマで行われました。
2008年にはベルリンの壁崩壊20周年を記念してベルリンで、2008年は世界人権宣言60周年を記念してパリで開催されました。
これまでのテーマは「世界平和構築の重点課題」「経済危機による貧困の緊急課題」「水源管理の問題」「政治経済的倫理のありかた」「異なる文化、宗教、慣習の共存」「アフリカ大陸の現状」「核兵器の危険性の再浮上」「人権や民主主義の価値を守るための次世代の中心的な役割」などなど。
過去10年間の参加者は以下の通りです。
Mikhail Gorbachev – H.H. The Dalai Lama – Frederik Willem De Klerk – Lech Walesa – Oscar Arias Sanchez – Shimon Peres – Jose Ramos-Horta – Kim Dae Yung – Muhammad Yunus – Betty Williams – Mairead Corrigan Maguire – Jody Williams – Philipe Ximenes Belo – David Trimble – John Hume – Rigoberta Menchù Tum – Adolfo Perez Esquivel – Joseph Rotblat, Unicef (United Nations Children’s Fund) – UN (United Nation) – U.N.H.C.R. (United Nation High Commissioner for Refugees) – Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs – I.P.P.N.W. (International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War) – I.P.B. (International Peace, Bureau) – American Friends Service Committee – Médecins Sans Frontières – Amnesty International – I.L.O. (International Labour Organization) – I.C.B.L. (International Campaign to Ban Landmines) – IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) Grameen Bank – Red Cross, IPCC (intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)
そして、今年は『ヒロシマの遺産：核兵器のない世界』をテーマに広島での開催となりました。
(右写真は中国新聞より引用）
ゴルバチョフ氏、ワレサ氏は残念ながら体調不良で欠席。
「被爆者のメッセージをもっと世界に発信していく必要がある。対話と協力、寛容の心で新しい時代をつくっていくべきだ」「（世界に存在するさまざまな対立を）力で解決するのは時代遅れだ」「中国の知識人たちは時々寛容の精神を忘れてしまう」「08憲章を支持する」（ダライ・ラマ法王）
「道は短くないし容易でもないが、核兵器廃絶の実現は可能。実現に移すことが大切だ」（議長のベルトローニ前ローマ市長）
ノーベル平和賞の受賞者たちが広島に集うという意義深いノーベル平和賞受賞者世界サミットに、アウン・サン・スー・チー氏も劉暁波氏も参加できませんでした。さぞかし参加したかったことでしょう。
また、APECのために来日しているオバマ大統領は、この日鎌倉を訪問、鎌倉大仏などを参拝し思い出の抹茶アイスを堪能しています。
それはそれで良いのでしょうけれど、ちょっと足を伸ばしてノーベル平和賞受賞者世界サミット最終日に顔を出してくれたら・・・とも思います。
ノーベル平和賞受賞者世界サミットは、「人の暮らす地に核兵器を落とすことは人類に対する犯罪とみなされるべきだ」などを主旨とする最終宣言を発表して閉幕となりました。
THE SUMMIT FINAL DECLARATION ON THE ABOLITION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONSThe undersigned Nobel Peace Laureates and representatives of Nobel Peace Prize organisations, gathered in Hiroshima on November 12-14, 2010, after listening to the testimonies of the Hibakusha, have no doubt that the use of nuclear weapons against any people must be regarded as a crime against humanity and should henceforth be prohibited.
We pay tribute to the courage and suffering of the Hibakusha who survived the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945 and honour those that have dedicated their lives to teaching the rest of the world about the horrors of nuclear war. Like them, we pledge ourselves to work for a future committed to peace, justice and security without nuclear weapons and war.
“Nuclear weapons are unique in their destructive power, in the unspeakable human suffering they cause, in the impossibility of controlling their effects in space and time, in the risks of escalation they create, and in the threat they pose to the environment, to future generations, and indeed to the survival of humanity.” We strongly endorse this assessment by the International Committee of the Red Cross, three times recognised with the Nobel Peace Prize for its humanitarian work.
Twenty-five years ago in Geneva, the leaders of the two largest nuclear powers declared that “a nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought.” There has been some substantive progress since then. The agreements on intermediate range nuclear forces (INF); strategic arms reductions (START); and unilateral and bilateral initiatives on tactical nuclear weapons, have eliminated tens of thousands of nuclear weapons. We welcome the signing by the United States and Russia of the New START treaty and the consensus Nuclear Disarmament Action Plan that was adopted by the 2010 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference.
Nevertheless, there are still enough nuclear weapons to destroy life on Earth many times over. The proliferation of nuclear weapons and the possibility of their use for acts of terrorism are additional causes for deep concern. The threats posed by nuclear weapons did not disappear with the ending of the Cold War.
Nuclear weapons cannot be disinvented, but they can and must be outlawed, just as chemical and biological weapons, landmines and cluster munitions have been declared illegal. Nuclear weapons, the most inhumane threat of all, should likewise be outlawed in keeping with the 2010 NPT Review Conference final document, which reaffirmed “the need for all States at all times to comply with applicable international law, including international humanitarian law”.
Efforts to rid the world of nuclear weapons must proceed along with measures to strengthen international law, demilitarize international relations and political thinking and to address human and security needs. Nuclear deterrence, power projection and national prestige as arguments to justify acquiring and retaining nuclear weapons are totally outdated and must be rejected.
We support the UN Secretary General’s five point proposal on nuclear disarmament and proposals by others to undertake work on a universal treaty to prohibit the use, development, production, stockpiling or transfer of nuclear weapons and nuclear weapon technologies and components and to provide for their complete and verified elimination.
• We call upon heads of government, parliaments, mayors and citizens to join us in affirming that the use of nuclear weapons is immoral and illegal.
• We call for the ratification without delay of the START agreement by the United States and Russia and for follow-on negotiations for deeper cuts in all types of nuclear weapons.
• We call on all nuclear weapon possessor states to make deep cuts in their existing arsenals.
• We call on the relevant Governments to take urgent steps to implement the proposals agreed on in the 2010 NPT Review Conference Final Document towards realising the objectives of the 1995 resolution on the Middles East.
• We call on China, the United States, Egypt, Iran, Israel and Indonesia to ratify, and on India, Pakistan and North Korea to sign and ratify the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty that has already been ratified by 153 nations so that the Treaty can be brought into full legal force.
• We call on nations to negotiate an universal treaty to abolish nuclear weapons, in partnership with civil societyTo ensure that the horrors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki never reoccur and to build a world based on cooperation and peace, we issue this call of conscience. We must all work together to achieve a common good that is practical, moral, legal and necessary – the abolition of nuclear weapons.
■ノーベル平和賞受賞者世界サミット公式サイト
http://www.nobelforpeace-summits.org/